Working without a work permit in Thailand would mean working illegally. And for that you will have face all those consequences that one would. The penalties for working in the country are heavy.
Aliens Act of Thailand: Section 51
Under this, a foreigner working illegally can get a prison sentence for up to 5 years or led to pay a fine, ranging from 2,000THB to 100,000THB. Even they can deport you when you are arrested. So without any delay contact a lawyer when you are caught without a work permit.
Aliens Act of Thailand: Section 52
There’s a likelihood of being arrested if you are not working as your work permit says. Though it is a very rare occurrence, it does take place. For example, a foreigner in building industry, but plying his trade as a cabinet maker who restores old property in Thailand may be penalized.
Aliens Act of Thailand: Section 53
This is quite common and a minor issue too. In such a situation, a foreigner is found without a work permit when asked for it. And therefore, he may have to pay a fine of 10,000 THB. However, these matters don’t go too far and can be settled easily with the fine only.
Aliens Act of Thailand: Section 54
Businesses employing workers in Thailand without appropriate documents call for a maximum fine of 100,000THB. These are less likely to be found out unless the premises are raided.
Typically, in Thailand, you will need to apply for a work permit and if it has expired, then you will need to make an application for the new one or renew it before expiry. Also, if you married a Thai, then apply for a Thai marriage visa and use it to apply for a work permit without leaving the country.